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1.
Comput Biol Med ; 118: 103645, 2020 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32174322

RESUMO

Measuring the level of analgesia to adapt the opioids infusion during anesthesia to the real needs of the patient is still a challenge. This is a consequence of the absence of a specific measure capable of quantifying the nociception level of the patients. Unlike existing proposals, this paper aims to evaluate the suitability of the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) as a guidance variable to replicate the decisions made by the experts when a modification of the opioid infusion rate is required. To this end, different machine learning classifiers were trained with several sets of clinical features. Data for training were captured from 17 patients undergoing cholecystectomy surgery. Satisfactory results were obtained when including information about minimum values of ANI for predicting a change of dose. Specifically, a higher efficiency of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was observed compared with the situation in which the ANI index was not included: accuracy: 86.21% (83.62%-87.93%), precision: 86.11% (83.78%-88.57%), recall: 91.18% (88.24%-91.18%), specificity: 79.17% (75%-83.33%), AUC: 0.89 (0.87-0.90) and kappa index: 0.71 (0.66-0.75). The results of this research evidenced that including information about the minimum values of ANI together with the hemodynamic information outperformed the decisions made regarding only non-specific traditional signs such as heart rate and blood pressure. In addition, the analysis of the results showed that including the ANI monitor in the decision making process may anticipate a dose change to prevent hemodynamic events. Finally, the SVM was able to perform accurate predictions when making different decisions commonly observed in the clinical practice.


Assuntos
Analgesia , Nociceptividade , Anestesia Geral , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Medição da Dor , Estudos Prospectivos
2.
Minerva Anestesiol ; 85(6): 585-593, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30394065

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Delay in the propofol pharmacodynamics effect is commonly observed in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). To face the delay in the hypnosis control, we have proposed a proportional-integral (PI) controller with a Smith predictor (PI+Smith). We have evaluated the feasibility of this closed-loop control for propofol administration and compared the performance with manual administration guided by the Bispectral Index (BIS). METHODS: Fifty-seven adult patients under TIVA with propofol and remifentanil were randomly assigned to a PI+Smith or a manual control (MC) group. The BIS target was set to 50. The performance was compared through the global score (GS), median performance error (MDPE), median absolute performance error (MDAPE), offset and Wobble. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients in the MC and 25 in the PI+Smith groups completed this study. Performance was significantly better in the PI+Smith group: global score was 25 (19 to 37) for PI+Smith versus 44 (32 to 57) for MC (P<0.001); MDPE was -0.9 (-5.6 to 2) for PI+Smith versus -11 (-16 to -4.3) for MC (P<0.001); MDAPE was 10.8 (8.8 to 14.3) for PI+Smith versus 17 (12.8 to 19.2) for MC (P<0.001); offset was -0.6 (-3.2 to 0.06) for PI+Smith versus -3.7 (-7.0 to -0.8) for MC (P=0.01). The percentage time of BIS within the 40-60 range during the maintenance phase was higher in the PI+Smith group 80.8 (68.7 to 87.9) than in the MC group 59.1 (53.4 to 72.5) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a specific mechanism in the PI controller to deal with the delay outperformed satisfactorily manual practice. The controller was able to regulate propofol administration, maintaining the BIS value within a desirable range and coping with oscillations.


Assuntos
Anestésicos Intravenosos/administração & dosagem , Monitores de Consciência , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
3.
Artif Intell Med ; 84: 159-170, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29310966

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this research is the design and implementation of a new fuzzy logic tool for automatic drug delivery in patients undergoing general anesthesia. The aim is to adjust the drug dose to the real patient needs using heuristic knowledge provided by clinicians. A two-level computer decision system is proposed. The idea is to release the clinician from routine tasks so that he can focus on other variables of the patient. METHODS: The controller uses the Bispectral Index (BIS) to assess the hypnotic state of the patient. Fuzzy controller was included in a closed-loop system to reach the BIS target and reject disturbances. BIS was measured using a BIS VISTA monitor, a device capable of calculating the hypnosis level of the patient through EEG information. An infusion pump with propofol 1% is used to supply the drug to the patient. The inputs to the fuzzy inference system are BIS error and BIS rate. The output is infusion rate increment. The mapping of the input information and the appropriate output is given by a rule-base based on knowledge of clinicians. RESULTS: To evaluate the performance of the fuzzy closed-loop system proposed, an observational study was carried out. Eighty one patients scheduled for ambulatory surgery were randomly distributed in 2 groups: one group using a fuzzy logic based closed-loop system (FCL) to automate the administration of propofol (42 cases); the second group using manual delivering of the drug (39 cases). In both groups, the BIS target was 50. CONCLUSIONS: The FCL, designed with intuitive logic rules based on the clinician experience, performed satisfactorily and outperformed the manual administration in patients in terms of accuracy through the maintenance stage.


Assuntos
Anestesia Intravenosa/instrumentação , Anestésicos Intravenosos/administração & dosagem , Ondas Encefálicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitores de Consciência , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Eletroencefalografia/instrumentação , Lógica Fuzzy , Monitorização Neurofisiológica Intraoperatória/instrumentação , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Adulto , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Feminino , Humanos , Bombas de Infusão , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin ; 12(6): 727-34, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19408139

RESUMO

This paper presents an efficient computer control technique for regulation of anesthesia in humans. The anesthetic used is propofol and the objective is to control the degree of hypnosis of the patient. The paper describes the basic hardware/software setup of the system and the closed-loop methodologies. The bispectral index (BIS) is considered as the feedback signal. The control methods proposed here are based in the use of proportional integral controllers with dead-time compensation to avoid undesirable oscillations in the BIS signal during the process. The compensation is based on the Smith predictor. To guarantee the applicability of the method to different patients, an adaptive module to tune the compensator is developed. Some real and simulated results are presented in this work to attest the efficiency of the methods used.


Assuntos
Anestesia/métodos , Terapia Assistida por Computador , Humanos
5.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 13(2): 65-68, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-81003

RESUMO

Fundamento: Con objeto de evaluar los cambios que ocurran en el estado nutricional de hierro a partir del consumo de purés de frutas fortificados con hierro y ácido ascórbico se realizó este estudio en Ciudad de la Habana. Métodos: Se evaluaron 377 niños de 22 a 48 meses de edad que asistían a círculos infantiles (guarderías); de los cuales 211 niños fueron evaluados como línea de base anterior al comienzo de la fortificación de los purés y 166 niños después de consumir el producto por un período de 16 meses. A los niños del estudio post fortificación se les realizó una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Se hicieron determinaciones hematológicas y de ferritina sérica. Resultados: El 28,4% de los niños de la evaluación prefortificación y el 12,1% de los niños de la evaluación posfortificación presentaron anemia. En los niños de 22 a 35 meses de edad la frecuencia de anemia fue de 31,0 % antes de la fortificación y 20,0% después de esta. En los niños entre 36 a 48 meses la frecuencia de anemia disminuyó de 25,0% antes de la fortificación a 3,8 % después. El 41,8% de los niños antes de la fortificación y el 33,6% después de ésta presentaron valores de ferritina sérica considerados como reserva de hierro depletada. Para el grupo de 36 a 48 meses de edad la frecuencia de deficiencia de ferritina disminuyó de 37,2% a 21,3%. Conclusión: El Programa Nacional para la Prevención y Control de la anemia y la Deficiencia de Hierro comienza a tener efecto en uno de los grupos con mayor incidencia de anemia en Cuba(AU)


Study Objective: This study was carried out in order toevaluate some changes in iron nutritional status of childrenstarting from the consumption of fruit pur¨¦es fortified withiron and ascorbic acid.Design: Three hundred and seventy-seven apparentlyhealthy children attending day-care centers in CentroHavana municipality were included. Two hundred andeleven of those children were taken as a baseline prior tothe beginning of intervention and one hundred and sixtysixafter consumption of the fortified fruit pure along 16months. Hemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin wasdetermined.Results: Hemoglobin values below 110 g/L were found in28,4 % of children before fortification and 12,1% of thoseafter fortification. Frequency of anemia in children aged 22to 35 months was 31,0% before fortification and 20,0%after it, whereas in children aged 36-48 months it droppedfrom 25,0% before and 3,8 after fortification. Ferritin valuesbelow 10m/L, which is an indicator of depleted iron reserve,were found in 41,8% of individuals before and 33,6% afterfortification. In children aged 36 to 48 months it decreasedfrom 37,2% to 21,3%.Conclusions: It is concluded that the National Programfor Prevention and Control of Anemia and Iron Deficiencybegins to benefit on one of the groups having high incidenceof anemia in Cuba(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Ferritinas/sangue , 16595/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas
6.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 12(1): 24-29, ene.-mar. 2006. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-80984

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia de consumo de alimentosque son fuente de hierro o facilitadores de su absorción yconocer la frecuencia de anemia en niños en edad escolaraparentemente sanos de las regiones occidental y centralde Cuba.Material y métodos: Se aplicó una encuesta de hábitos yfrecuencia de consumo de alimentos y se les determinó laconcentración de hemoglobina a 1259 niños de 6 a 12años de edad.Resultados: El consumo de alimentos portadores importantesde hierro hemo como las vísceras y las carnes espoco frecuente en ambas regiones pero ligeramente superioren la central. Consumieron frecuentemente carnesrojas el 16,8% de los escolares de la región occidental yel 30,8% de la central. Sólo el 23% de los niños consumieronaves y pescado frecuentemente y poco frecuente el65%. El consumo de los alimentos portadores de hierrono hemo fue superior al del grupo de alimentos portadoresde hierro hemo a excepción de las hortalizas y vegetalesel cual fue muy bajo. El consumo de frutas ricas envitamina C fue frecuente, mucho mayor en la región centralque en la occidental. La frecuencia de anemia fue del31,7% para el occidente y del 24,4% para el centro, condiferencias significativas entre ambas regiones (p= 0,008).Conclusiones: Al analizar la severidad de la anemia seencontró que el mayor porcentaje de niños presentó anemialigera. Ningún niño del estudio tuvo valores de hemoglobinaindicativo de anemia severa. No se encontródiferencia significativa entre los valores de hemoglobinay el régimen docente. Al comparar hábitos y frecuencia enel consumo de alimentos de los escolares de ambas regionesencontramos en una mejor situación en los niñosde la región central lo que se refleja en una menor frecuenciade anemia(AU)


Objective: To evaluate the frequency of consumption offood items which are sources of iron or that facilitate itsabsorption and to assess the prevalence of anemia inapparently healthy school-age children from Western andCentral Cuba.Methods: A food frequency questionnaire was used in1259 children 6 to 12 years old. Hemoglobineconcentration was also assessed.Results: Consumption of food rich in hemo iron such asoffals and meats is not very frequent in both regions, butslightly higher in the central region. About 16,8% of schoolchildren from western region and 30,8% from centralfrequently consumed red meats. Only 23% of childrenhad frequent consumption of poultry and fish while 65%had non frequent consumption. Consumption of food richin non hemo iron was higher than foods rich in hemoiron, except for vegetable consumption, that was very low.The consumption of fruits rich in vitamin C was frequent,much higher in the central region than in the western.31,7% of school children from western and 24,4% fromcentral had anemia with significant differences in bothregions (p= 0,008).Conclusions: Higher proportion of children showed lightanemia. None of the children had hemoglobine valuesindicating severe anemia. It was not found any significantdifference between the values of hemoglobine andeducational system. Regarding food consumption, wefound a better situation in children from the central region,as well as a lower prevalence of anemia(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Comportamento Alimentar , Anemias Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/complicações , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Ferro da Dieta/administração & dosagem
7.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 11(2): 60-68, abr.-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045935

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en elsegundo semestre del año 2002 con el objetivo de estimarla prevalencia de anemia por deficiencia de hierro enniños de 6 a 24 meses y de 6 a 12 años de edad residentesen las provincias orientales de Cuba.Métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1708 niños.La concentración de hemoglobina se determinó porel método de la cianometahemoglobina, la ferritina séricapor enzimoinmunoensayo y el retinol sérico por el métodoespectrofotométrico de inactivación ultravioleta deBessey.Resultados: La prevalencia de anemia en los niñoshasta 2 años de edad fue del 29,1%. Fue más frecuentela anemia en niños de 6 a 12 meses de edad. Segúnlas concentraciones de ferritina sérica la prevalenciade deficiencia de hierro fue del 38,6 %. Para los niñosde 6 a 12 años de edad la prevalencia de anemia fuedel 14,6%. Los niveles de vitamina A hallados no estuvieronasociados a la anemia encontrada en niñosde 6 a 12 años de edad. Para este grupo, el consumode alimentos portadores importantes de hierro hem espoco frecuente y bastante similar entre las provincias.El consumo de portadores de hierro no hem es superiory muy diferente entre las provincias. Se encontróuna disminución de la prevalencia de anemia en niñosde 6 a 24 meses de edad al compararlos con los resultadosde finales de 1999 en una muestra derepresentatividad nacional.Conclusiones: Para combatir con efectividad estas deficienciasse hace necesario incrementar la fortificación dealimentos dirigidos a estos grupos de edades, actividadesde educación nutricional, así como mejorar los patronesde ingestión de alimentos ricos en hierro


Study Objective: Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia inchildren aged 6-24 months and 6-12 years in easternprovinces of Cuba was estimated by a cross-sectionalstudy carried out in the second semester of 2002.Desing: The sample included 1708 children. Hemoglobinconcentration was determined by cyanomethemoglobinmethod, serum ferritin by enzymoimmunoassay andserum retinol by Bessey ultraviolet inactivationspectrophotometric method.Results: Prevalence of anemia in children aged 6-24months was 29,1 %. Anemia was more frequent inchildren 6-12 months of age. According to serum ferritinvalues, iron deficiency was 38,6 %. Prevalence of anemiawas 14,6 % for children 6-12 years of age. Serumvitamin A values were not associated to anemia inchildren 6 to 12 years of age. Intake of foods rich in hemeiron was infrequent; conversely, intake of non heme ironwas much higher. Prevalence of anemia in children 6-24months of age was lower in this study in comparison withthe result found in a nation-wide representative sample in1999.Conclusions: In order to combat iron deficiency it isnecessary to increase the fortification of foods targeted tothese age groups as well as implement nutrition education,food diversification and other actions aimed at improvingiron dietary patterns, all of them included in the NationalProgram for the Prevention and Control of Anemia andIron Deficiency in Cuba


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Criança , Humanos , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Anemia Ferropriva/dietoterapia
8.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 10(2): 56-63, abr. 2004. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-34723

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Evaluar la eficacia del TROFIN en niños hasta dos años de edad con anemia ferripriva y desnutrición proteico energética en fase de recuperación, que ingresaron en el Hospital Pediátrico de Ciudad Habana, Cuba. Métodos: En un estudio longitudinal se estudiaron 93 niños de ambos sexos con diagnóstico de desnutrición proteico energética y anemia ferripriva, los que fueron divididos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos para su tratamiento. El grupo I (n= 50) recibió tratamiento con TROFIN, producto de origen natural elaborado a partir de sangre bovina y miel de abejas; con el grupo II (n= 43) se utilizó el método convencional con sales de hierro (Fumarato Ferroso). La dosis diaria para ambos grupos de tratamiento fue de 4 mg/kg/día. Antes y después del tratamiento se les realizó estudios clínicos, hematológicos y antropométricos que incluyeron determinaciones de hemoglobina, hematocrito, hierro sérico, evaluación del peso para la talla (P/T) y peso para la edad (P/E). El análisis de los datos incluyó análisis de varianza, test de la t de Student para comparación de las medias. Resultados: Se encontró un incremento de los parámetros hematológicos y antropométricos de significación estadística (p<0,05) en el grupo tratado con TROFIN respecto a los que recibieron el tratamiento convencional. Conclusión: El TROFIN resultó bien tolerado por los infantes, no ocasionó reacciones adversas en ninguno de los casos tratados y su recuperación fue superior en el mismo período de tiempo al tratamiento convencional con sales de hierro (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Distúrbios Nutricionais/diagnóstico , Distúrbios Nutricionais/dietoterapia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/terapia , Análise de Variância , Fumaratos/uso terapêutico , 16595/diagnóstico , 16595/metabolismo , Sais de Ferro , Anemia Ferropriva/diagnóstico , Anemia Ferropriva/dietoterapia , Anemia Ferropriva/terapia , Estudos Longitudinais , Estado Nutricional , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Antropometria/métodos
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